🇳🇿 Nelson, New Zealand

Start in Downtown Cairo

For a walkable comparison, use the streets around Tahrir Square, Al Bustan and Abdel Khaleq Tharwat. Banks and exchange bureaux sit close enough to quote the same notes without a cross-city trip. Heliopolis is a practical alternative only if you are already staying near it.

Egyptian Exchange Co. at 6 Al Bustan Street showed 4.1 from 250 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Current reviewers described quick service, useful rates and a passport requirement. Lower reviews reported rejected USD notes and repeated difficulty changing leftover EGP back into euros or dollars.

El Helal Exchange at 23 Abdel Khaleq Tharwat Street showed 3.1 from 121 reviews. One recent visitor reported a better EUR-to-EGP result than an ATM. The broader current pattern is mixed: rude service, queues, rejected old or stamped notes, and offices buying foreign cash but refusing to sell it back.

Cairo Exchange's Heliopolis branch at 29 El Hegaz Street showed 4.8 from 266 reviews. Helpful staff dominate its topics, but low-rated reviews describe late opening, understaffing, long waits and poor treatment. Many newest five-star ratings have no text, so the score is weak rate evidence.

The useful counter test

Carry your passport and clean, unmarked notes. Ask two offices: “For these five US$100 notes, exactly how many EGP will I receive?” Confirm any fee and the treatment of each denomination before handing over cash. Count the pounds and keep the receipt.

Do not convert the entire trip budget on day one. Repeated reviews show that buying foreign cash back with EGP may be unavailable even when a board displays both directions. Exchange in stages, use EGP for local spending, and keep only the cash you expect to use.

Airport or city?

Recent traveller reports conflict: some found Cairo airport bank counters competitive, while others preferred city banks or ATMs. Compare the airport's exact payout with your card's withdrawal cost. If uncertain, obtain only an arrival amount and run the same $500 test Downtown.

USDT is not a cash shortcut

The Central Bank of Egypt says it has issued no licences for cryptocurrency trading in the Egyptian market and describes such activity as legally criminalised. Do not use a Cairo cash desk, courier, Telegram broker or personal wallet to turn USDT into EGP.

Where to Exchange Cash in Cairo: Downtown Counters, Airport Banks and USDT

Where comparison is easiest

The Arcade at Raffles Place is Singapore's most useful walk-in cluster: several independent counters sit in one building, so compare upstairs as well as the entrance level. For a small amount, however, the MRT trip can cost more time than the rate difference.

Arcade Money Changers at 11 Collyer Quay #01-18 showed 4.1 from 231 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Reviews often praised its rates and range of currencies. Recent low-rated reports included disputed cash handling and a missing S$100 allegation, plus conditions attached to advertised rates. Count everything before leaving.

TRANSEND at Bugis MRT showed 4.9 from 1,132 reviews. Visitors frequently described quick service and competitive quotes; PayNow was convenient for locals. Lower reviews mentioned queues, marked or old notes and weaker treatment of small denominations. The near-perfect rating includes many brief, generic posts, so compare independently.

Mustafa Foreign Exchange at 145 Syed Alwi Road showed 3.5 from 160 reviews. Some current reviews liked its JPY rate and location. Others repeatedly described screen-to-counter differences, refusal of old notes and arriving to find a supposedly late-night counter closed.

A practical test

Ask three Arcade counters, or two nearby alternatives: “For these US$1,000 notes, what exact SGD amount do I receive?” Confirm note denomination, any fee and whether the quote requires a minimum amount. For rare currencies or a large exchange, ask about stock before travelling.

PayNow is not automatically useful to a short-term visitor without a compatible account. Cash remains simpler, while an ATM may be cheaper if your own bank has low overseas and conversion fees.

MAS lists licensed money changers. Check the exact company and location. If you need cash at Changi, compare the convenience cost with exchanging only an arrival amount and using an ATM or city counter later.

USDT

MAS also lists institutions authorised for Digital Payment Token services. Check the exact entity and its permitted activity; a money changer's cash licence does not by itself cover USDT. Do not send to a personal wallet or expect an anonymous cash pickup. Confirm the SGD payout, KYC and receipt before transferring.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Singapore: The Arcade, Bugis and Mustafa

Compare before entering the Medina

Gueliz around Boulevard Mohamed VI offers several formal bureaux within a short walk. Near Jemaa el-Fna, Hotel Ali is a well-known reference quoted in traveller discussions, but no office is a permanent winner. Ask nearby counters before exchanging the whole amount.

Bab Agnaou Change showed 4.9 from 495 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviews praised its speed and EUR quotes. Low-rated reports included worse rates than elsewhere, a sign-to-counter disagreement and cash-count disputes; the owner acknowledged one calculation error in a reply. Count the dirhams yourself.

Bureau de Change Régionale on Boulevard Mohamed VI showed 4.9 from 265 reviews. Current reviews often praised rates and helpful staff. Lower reviews described a worse-than-expected quote, a possible counting dispute and another office paying more. Its high score includes many very short recent posts, so compare independently.

NET CHANGE showed 4.3 from 232 reviews. Positive posts mention late hours and currency availability. The negative pattern is unusually concrete: repeated complaints about rude service, a weak quote, short counts or a wrong final rate. It is a useful comparison point, not a place to skip the arithmetic.

The exact question

Ask two or three offices: “For €500, exactly how many dirhams will I receive?” Compare the same notes and direction. Read the displayed buy rate, watch the calculator, count the cash and keep the receipt. For a large transaction, exchange a test amount first.

Morocco's Office des Changes publishes authorised manual-exchange operators and says foreign currency should be exchanged through authorised intermediaries. Receipts matter when converting remaining dirhams back before departure. Airport exchange is a fallback; use it for an arrival amount if the city comparison is materially better.

Crypto

No verified regulated walk-in USDT-to-cash route was established in the sources inspected for this guide. Do not substitute a social-media broker or hotel introduction for an authorised provider. Keep cash exchange and any regulated crypto sale as separate, documented transactions.

Where to Exchange Cash in Marrakech: Gueliz, the Medina and Real Counter Risks

Go where counters compete

Central Antalya around Şarampol Caddesi, Kapalı Yol and the MarkAntalya side of Muratpaşa gives you several walkable quotes. Kaleiçi is convenient for tourists, while airport desks are mainly an arrival fallback. Compare the same notes before choosing.

EFE Döviz at Şarampol Caddesi 43/B showed 4.8 from 232 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviews praised friendly service and a small spread on one reported USD transaction. Lower reviews repeatedly said the website or phone quote differed at the counter, especially around weekends and holidays.

Görkem Döviz showed 3.7 from 51 reviews. Some recent customers described fair rates and fast service. Contrary reviews reported weaker weekend pricing, rounding down, refused notes and poor service. One owner reply acknowledged a technical or operational rate error.

Mid Currency showed 3.4 from 81 reviews. Its newest reviews were strongly positive about speed and negotiated rates. Older and lower-rated reviews repeatedly described rude service, rejection of certain USD notes and poor quotes; one alleged receiving torn lira notes. Inspect what you receive.

A clean comparison

Ask two nearby authorised offices: “For these €500 notes, exactly how many TRY will I receive?” Confirm whether the quote changes for weekends, note age, denomination or condition. Count the lira and keep the receipt. Do not accept a website screenshot as the transaction price.

For card payments and ATMs, select TRY when a terminal offers to charge your home currency. That avoids dynamic currency conversion; your own bank will apply its FX terms. At Antalya Airport, exchange only the amount needed to reach town if the final payout is worse.

USDT

Turkey's SPK warns that appearing on its “operating” crypto-provider list is not authorisation. Do not treat a highly rated Antalya crypto office as licensed solely from Maps. Establish the exact entity, current status, TRY payout, KYC and receipt before sending, and never use a personal wallet.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Antalya: City Counters versus the Airport

A useful comparison route

Start around Freedom Square and Pushkin Street, then compare Marjanishvili if it suits your route. Local discussions repeatedly point to clusters, not one permanent winner: rates can differ between neighbouring windows, while an airport counter trades convenience for a wider spread.

InteliExpress at 89 Davit Aghmashenebeli Avenue showed 4.0 from 65 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviews included smooth EUR-to-GEL exchanges and helpful staff. Low-rated reports repeatedly described rude service and rejection of dirty or damaged notes; one older reviewer said only dollars were accepted at the branch visited.

FXHUB at 6 Pushkin Street showed 4.8 from 26 reviews. Its recent sample praised fast service, rates and zero commission. However, most reviews arrived within a narrow period and several were generic. The small low-rated sample included rude-service and opening-hours complaints, so the score is not strong evidence by itself.

AllTrust Center at 18 Atoneli Street showed 4.9 from 1,208 reviews, making it a prominent reference point near the centre. Treat the rating as service evidence only. Compare its exact payout with the independent windows around Pushkin Street or Marjanishvili before exchanging a large amount.

How to compare

Use the same notes and ask: “If I sell US$1,000, exactly how many GEL will I receive?” Check both buy and sell columns: when selling USD for lari, you need the office's USD-buy rate. Confirm whether marked notes, smaller denominations or a fee change the total.

For a small exchange, compare two adjacent windows rather than crossing the city. For a large one, use a live local rate board such as Myfin only as a shortlist, then verify the counter total. Count the lari and keep the receipt.

USDT

Georgia's National Bank registers virtual-asset service providers and requires registered status to be displayed from 2026. Search the exact legal entity in the NBG register. A Telegram quote or a cash-office sign is insufficient; agree the GEL or USD payout, wallet, KYC and receipt before transferring.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Tbilisi: Freedom Square to Marjanishvili

Start with a cluster, not a brand

Bukit Bintang is the easiest central comparison walk: several counters sit around Jalan Bukit Bintang and Jalan Sultan Ismail. Mid Valley is another strong cluster mentioned repeatedly by Kuala Lumpur residents, but a special train ride rarely pays for itself on a small amount.

Suka Money Changers at 95 Jalan Bukit Bintang showed 4.9 from 662 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Reviews frequently praised friendly service and the rate. Low-rated reports described discounts for old notes, no clear rate board and better quotes nearby. The unusually uniform praise means the rating alone is weak evidence.

HME Bukit Bintang at 44 Jalan Sultan Ismail showed 4.5 from 190 reviews. It is convenient and reviewers often liked its hours. The repeated contrary pattern was a lower rate for old USD notes or a counter quote differing from an earlier indication.

Merchantrade at KL Sentral showed 3.5 from 57 reviews. Some visitors found it convenient and straightforward; others reported slow service, limited cash stock, poor rates and acceptance of only certain USD denominations. Use it as an arrival fallback, not your only quote.

A five-minute test

Show the same notes at two or three counters. Ask: “If I sell US$1,000, what exact ringgit amount do I receive after every charge?” Confirm whether $100, $50 and older series receive the same rate. Count the ringgit before leaving. A large board number is useless if your actual notes fall into a lower tier.

Bank Negara Malaysia's directory identifies licensed money-services businesses. Check the exact company, not just a shop name. For airport or KL Sentral convenience, exchange an arrival amount first; compare Bukit Bintang or Mid Valley only when the possible saving exceeds the fare and time.

USDT

Malaysia's Securities Commission publishes the registered digital-asset exchanges. Use that register for the exact operator. Do not assume a cash counter can legally buy USDT, and do not transfer to a staff member's wallet. Agree the MYR payout, KYC steps and receiving entity before sending.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Kuala Lumpur: Local Counter Review

The useful central comparison

For cash, compare Đồng Khởi with the Nguyễn An Ninh–Bến Thành cluster. The shops are close enough to test the same notes before committing. Traveller discussions disagree on a permanent winner, especially when note denomination and condition change.

Hung Long at 86 Mạc Thị Bưởi showed 4.1 from 817 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Current reviews included smooth exchanges and competitive quotes. The repeated negative pattern was lower rates for small or creased bills, a calculator quote changing after cash was handed over, and no clear screen.

Hà Tâm Jewelry at 2 Nguyễn An Ninh showed 3.7 from 1,043 reviews. It attracts heavy comparison traffic and some reviewers reported strong rates. Others described long queues, unavailable VND, tiered rates, rejected worn notes and rude service; one review alleged short-changing.

Eximbank 59 at 135 Đồng Khởi showed 3.4 from 397 reviews. Some recent visitors found uncommon currencies or a better quote than Hung Long. Lower reviews repeatedly mentioned old-note discounts, poor rates, rude service and missing receipts; one recent reviewer alleged a 50,000-VND shortage.

Use your actual banknotes

Before surrendering cash, ask: “For these two $100 notes and four $20 notes, what exact VND total will I receive?” Make the cashier enter or write the final amount. Count every note yourself, compare it with the agreed total and request a receipt. Do not let a queue rush the count.

Vietnamese rules permit foreign-currency exchange through authorised banks and licensed agents. A busy jewellery shop is not proof of authorisation, so check the displayed licence or use a bank counter. At the airport, exchange only the amount needed to reach the city if the quote is materially worse.

USDT

Vietnam's crypto market is under a regulated pilot, not a general licence for any street desk. Use only an operator whose current status and service can be verified. Do not hand cash to a runner or send USDT to a third-party wallet without the legal entity, payout and receipt.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Ho Chi Minh City: A Street-Level Guide

Two useful comparison areas

In Tsim Sha Tsui, Nathan Road and Chungking Mansions offer many quotes within one block. In Central, the Sheung Wan–Cleverly Street area and World-Wide House are the practical alternative. No counter wins every currency, so compare the direction you actually need.

Capital Exchange at Alpha House, 27–33 Nathan Road, showed 4.9 from 343 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviews liked the rates and service. Contrary reports said the 13th-floor office was hard to find, a rare-currency quote changed, or Chungking offered more.

Hong Kong Forex at Shop 110 A&B, 36–44 Nathan Road, showed 4.9 from 126 reviews. WhatsApp reservations and quick replies were common positives. Its low-rated sample included two reports that a neighbouring counter paid materially more, which is exactly why the building works best as a comparison stop.

Kin Shing at Shop 87 in Chungking Mansions showed 4.1 from 88 reviews. Reviewers often mentioned no commission and a useful rate; complaints included online-to-store differences, old-note issues and an expensive TWD quote.

Read the board correctly

If you sell foreign cash for HKD, compare the counter's “we buy” rate. Ask three offices: “For these US$1,000 notes, what exact HKD total will I receive?” Use the same amount, note condition and direction. A better headline rate for the opposite transaction tells you nothing.

For uncommon currencies, reserve only after the office confirms the amount, rate and pickup time. Count the cash at the counter and keep the receipt. Hong Kong Customs maintains the Money Service Operators register; search the exact legal name and premises.

USDT

Hong Kong's SFC separates licensed virtual-asset platforms from applicants. Check the current licensed list and the activity offered. A Nathan Road cash desk or social-media contact is not proof of authorisation. Never send USDT to a personal wallet; establish the legal entity, HKD payout and receipt first.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Hong Kong: Tsim Sha Tsui and Central

Choose the counter before the rate

Bali's critical distinction is between an authorised money changer and a small booth with an attractive board. Bank Indonesia says authorised KUPVA operators should display the BI logo, licence certificate and the words “Authorized Money Changer”. Check those before discussing the quote.

Central Kuta's head office at 168 Sunset Road showed 4.1 from 143 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviewers liked its range of currencies and receipt process. Two current reports described money or receipt discrepancies; lower reviews also mentioned slow service and rounding. Read the receipt and recount.

MPB at Kartika Plaza showed 4.8 from 159 reviews. Visitors often praised quick service, a counting machine and no separate commission. Contrary reviews described a wide spread, stale pricing for an uncommon currency and rude service. The final rupiah total still matters more than the rating.

MPB Sanur showed 4.8 from 89 reviews, while Central Kuta branches at Kuta Square and Oberoi showed 4.8 from 40 and 4.6 from 88. These are useful nearby reference points, not proof that every branch gives the same quote.

The Bali counting rule

Independent traveller reports repeatedly describe the same short-count trick at unverified booths: staff recount the pile, remove notes or distract with small change. Be the last person to touch the rupiah. Count it yourself once, do not hand the pile back, then compare it with the written total and receipt.

Ask two authorised counters: “For these US$1,000 notes, what exact IDR total do I receive?” Confirm any condition or denomination adjustment first. If the airport quote is poor, exchange only transport money. An ATM can be safer, but cover the keypad, use a bank-attached machine and decline home-currency conversion.

Crypto

Indonesia's OJK publishes a whitelist of licensed or registered crypto operators. A Bali cash desk, villa visit or WhatsApp broker is not on that basis authorised. Verify the exact entity and cash service before sending crypto; never transfer to a personal wallet or let a courier hold both assets.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Bali: Authorised Counters and Counting Rules

The old advice needs updating

Buenos Aires no longer has one timeless rule that the informal “blue” market always pays dramatically more. Recent 2026 local discussions describe periods when official, MEP and street rates were close. Compare today's legal quote before accepting the risk of an unlicensed cueva.

Cambio Baires at Plaza Italia, Avenida Santa Fe 4114, showed 4.7 from 1,550 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Many reviews praised fast service and flexible quotes. Lower-rated reports said a WhatsApp quote was not honoured, damaged bills were discounted, or a nearby office paid more; one alleged a short count.

House Exchange Palermo at Thames 2426 showed 4.6 from 801 reviews. Reviewers often liked pre-agreed WhatsApp quotes and friendly service. Contrary reports repeatedly said $20, $50 and $100 notes received different rates, or the final rate was below expectations.

Cambio Baires Puerto Madero showed 4.7 from 459 reviews. Recent reviews mixed good service with note-condition deductions. Lower reviews questioned the unusually positive profile, complained of poor rates or damaged-note discounts, and mentioned limited currencies.

How to make a clean comparison

Use the BCRA retail reference as a benchmark, not a guaranteed counter price. Ask two registered agencies: “If I sell these US$1,000 notes, exactly how many pesos do I receive?” Confirm the rate for each denomination and note condition. Count the pesos at the counter and keep the receipt.

The BCRA publishes authorised exchange agencies. If the spread versus an informal quote is small, the registered office usually wins on traceability and personal safety. Western Union is a remittance alternative, not a cash-exchange quote; compare its final ARS payout and collection friction separately.

USDT

Argentina's CNV publishes the PSAV register. Check the exact provider before converting USDT, and separate a regulated platform from an unknown cash broker. Confirm the ARS or USD payout, KYC, receiving wallet and receipt before transferring; never follow a last-minute request to use another person's account.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Buenos Aires: Palermo and Legal Options

Cash exchange is a final-payout problem

Tokyo's useful comparison areas are the Shinjuku ticket-shop corridor, Ueno–Ameyoko and Akihabara. An ATM can still beat a counter if your bank's overseas and withdrawal fees are low, so calculate both routes for the same amount.

Interbank, often called Ninja Money Exchange, in Shinjuku showed 4.7 from 1,127 Google reviews on 31 August 2026. Recent reviews praised the headline rate and speed. Low-rated reports repeatedly alleged unexpected 8–10% commission, queues, confusing machine steps, no receipt or cash-count disputes. Ask for the yen total, not just the board rate.

Ueno Ameyoko Money Exchange showed 4.9 from 751 reviews. Many current reviews praised the rate and friendly service. The low-rated sample included poor EUR or INR quotes, better rates at neighbouring counters, rejection of dirty notes and missing receipts. The unusually high rating also contains many short posts.

Akihabara Money Exchange on the first floor of Don Quijote showed 4.9 from 281 reviews. It is easy to locate and reviews often mention friendly help. Contrary reviews reported rates worse than Shinjuku or even the airport. Many recent five-star posts are generic and owner-replied, so do not treat the score as a price guarantee.

The counter script

Ask: “If I sell US$1,000, exactly how many yen will I leave with after commission?” Repeat at two nearby counters. Confirm whether worn or smaller notes receive a different quote. Count the yen, request a receipt and walk away if a fee appears only after the handover.

For ATMs, compare your bank's fixed withdrawal fee, percentage FX fee and the machine fee. Decline any offer to charge your home currency; choose JPY. Keep some backup cash because card acceptance is not universal.

Crypto

Japan's FSA publishes registered crypto-asset and stablecoin providers. That does not make an unlisted physical USDT desk legitimate. Use the registered entity and its permitted service rather than a social-media broker or personal wallet.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Tokyo: Shinjuku, Ueno and Akihabara

Supermarkets are part of the exchange map

Yerevan residents and recent visitors repeatedly suggest comparing licensed desks inside SAS or Nor Zovq supermarkets with central street counters. Rate.am is useful for shortlisting live quotes, but the displayed rate is not a promise that the desk has enough cash or accepts your exact notes.

A central SAS card showed 4.2 from 663 Google reviews on 31 August 2026; currency exchange appeared in 18 review topics. Recent low-rated reports alleged a short payout, old or marked USD being issued, and poor service at the exchange desk. These concern one branch experience, not the entire chain, but justify a full count.

WEDO showed 4.8 from 92 reviews and is relevant mainly for crypto-to-cash comparisons. Recent reviewers praised quick service and quotes arranged by message. Contrary reports described unanswered questions, a 40-minute wait and confusion over supported assets. Many newest reviews arrived within days and had no text, so treat the rating cautiously.

A generic central Currency Exchange card near Northern Avenue showed 4.5 from 11 reviews. Current posts praised its rate, while an older review said it often lacked local currency or was closed. Its small sample is insufficient for a large decision; compare it with a supermarket desk.

At the counter

Ask: “For these US$1,000 notes, exactly how many AMD will I receive?” Confirm whether old, marked or smaller notes get another rate. If buying USD, inspect the notes before accepting them: clean newer notes are easier to use on the next leg of a trip. Count the full payout and keep the receipt.

The Central Bank of Armenia publishes licensed exchange-office information and requires the licence and rates to be displayed. For a large amount, ask whether a better quote is available, but compare the written final payout rather than a verbal percentage.

USDT

Armenia's new crypto regime requires providers to register and obtain a CBA licence; existing providers have a transition deadline of 31 January 2027. Search the exact entity and current status. Before transferring USDT, lock the cash currency, amount, wallet, KYC and receipt; a Telegram bot or Maps profile does not establish authorisation.

Where to Exchange Cash and USDT in Yerevan: SAS, City Counters and Rate.am

Currency exchange discussion in nearby cities: {{neighbor_city_links}}
Currency exchange discussion in other cities: {{city_links}}
Currency exchange discussion in other countries: {{country_links}}

Open discussions about currency exchange: real-world tips, risks, warnings, and local market updates. Share problems, resolve disputes, and learn from others.

Currency exchange discussion in nearby cities: <div class="seo-links"><a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/wellington-nzl">Wellington</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/porirua-nzl">Porirua</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/lower-hutt-nzl">Lower Hutt</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/palmerston-north-nzl">Palmerston North</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/christchurch-nzl">Christchurch</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/new-plymouth-nzl">New Plymouth</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/napier-nzl">Napier</a></div>
Currency exchange discussion in other cities: <div class="seo-links"><a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/auckland-nzl">Auckland</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/hamilton-nzl">Hamilton</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/tauranga-nzl">Tauranga</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/dunedin-nzl">Dunedin</a></div>
Currency exchange discussion in other countries: <div class="seo-links"><a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/nzl">🇳🇿 New Zealand</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/aus">🇦🇺 Australia</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/usa">🇺🇸 United States</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/gbr">🇬🇧 United Kingdom</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/chn">🇨🇳 People's Republic of China</a> <a class="seo-link-btn" href="/wall/sgp">🇸🇬 Singapore</a></div>

Currency exchange forum — 🇳🇿 Nelson · New Zealand

Currency exchange forum—🇳🇿 Nelson · New Zealand

Posts in other locations